Implementing Authorized Economic Operator Programmers in Emerging Market Customs Administrations
Isi Artikel Utama
Abstrak
Purpose: This study examines the implementation of the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) program at KPPBC TMP Tanjung Perak, Indonesia’s main eastern maritime trade hub, focusing on certification procedures, compliance requirements, coordination mechanisms, and monitoring capacity constraints under the WCO SAFE Framework.
Methodology: A qualitative case study was conducted using semi-structured interviews, analysis of Indonesian AEO regulations (2010–2023), and review of WCO SAFE Framework documents, with data triangulated from primary and secondary sources.
Results: Findings show that Tanjung Perak Customs manages 51 AEO-certified companies under a centralized certification system. The program improves trade security and contributes significantly to foreign exchange flows (approximately IDR 78 trillion in exports and IDR 20 trillion in imports in 2020), but monitoring remains largely reactive due to limited institutional capacity.
Conclusions: Indonesia’s AEO implementation reflects a hybrid governance model that delivers trade facilitation benefits but faces weaknesses in decentralized monitoring and risk-based oversight.
Limitations: The study is limited to a single customs jurisdiction (2010–2023), restricting generalizability.
Contribution: This research provides one of the first detailed port-level analyses of AEO governance in Indonesia, highlighting the tension between centralized certification and limited monitoring capacity, and offering implications for strengthening risk management and institutional capacity.
Rincian Artikel
Referensi
Bakdiah, S., Satriawan, B., & Yanti, S. (2024). The influence of leadership, workload and work environment on nurse performance through organizational citizenship behavior at Muhammad Sani Hospital. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Business Studies, 2(1), 81-96. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomabs.v2i1.2493
Baldwin, R. (1995). Rules and government: Oxford University Press.
Bertoldi, P., & Boza-Kiss, B. (2017). Analysis of barriers and drivers for the development of the ESCO markets in Europe. Energy Policy, 107, 345-355. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.04.023
Bhimasta, R. A., Surya, R. A., & Pramudita, D. P. D. (2025). Integrating Marketing, HRM, and Accounting Systems for Customer Value Sustainability. Jurnal Relevansi: Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Bisnis, 9(2), 149-162. doi:https://doi.org/10.61401/relevansi.v9i2.307
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Campos, M. L., Morini, C., de Moraes, G. H. S. M., & Júnior, E. I. (2018). A performance model for public–private partnerships: The authorized economic operator as an example. RAUSP Management Journal, 53(2), 268-279. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rausp.2017.07.002
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches: Sage publications.
Grainger, A. (2011). Trade facilitation: A conceptual review. Journal of World Trade, 45(1), 39-62. doi:https://doi.org/10.54648/trad2011002
Hamanaka, S., & Jusoh, S. (2018). Understanding the ASEAN way of regional qualification governance: The case of mutual recognition agreements in the professional service sector. Regulation & Governance, 12(4), 486-504. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12210
Handley, K., Kamal, F., & Monarch, R. (2025). Rising import tariffs, falling exports: When modern supply chains meet old-style protectionism. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 17(1), 208-238. doi:https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20210051
Hanifah, U. (2022). Pengaruh ekspor dan impor terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. TRANSEKONOMIKA: Akuntansi, Bisnis Dan Keuangan, 2(6), 107-126. doi:https://doi.org/10.55047/transekonomika.v2i6.275
Hendrayani, L., Wibisono, C., & Satriawan, B. (2024). Influence of work facilities, competency, communication on business participants' satisfaction through service quality as a variable intervening at investment and one door opening service of the Province of the Riau Island Government. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Business Studies, 1(4), 969-983. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomabs.v1i4.2399
Houé, T., & Murphy, E. (2018). The AEO status as a source of competitive advantage. European business review, 30(5), 591-606. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/ebr-06-2017-0127
Jażdżewska-Gutta, M., Grottel, M., & Wach, D. (2020). AEO certification–necessity or privilege for supply chain participants. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 25(6), 679-691. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/scm-07-2019-0253
Karlsson, L. (2017). Back to the future of Customs: A new AEO paradigm will transform the global supply chain for the better. World Customs Journal, 11(1), 23-34. doi:https://doi.org/10.55596/001c.115465
Mafurutu, R. (2024). The effect of world customs organization’s AEO programme on trade facilitation in Zimbabwe. Borders in Globalization Review, 5(2), 60-67. doi:https://doi.org/10.18357/bigr52202421999
Meemken, E.-M., Barrett, C. B., Michelson, H. C., Qaim, M., Reardon, T., & Sellare, J. (2021). Sustainability standards in global agrifood supply chains. Nature Food, 2(10), 758-765. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00360-3
Milosevic, I., Bass, A. E., & Schulte, B. (2023). The interplay of conflicting and complementing institutional logics in sustainability practices. Management International Review, 63(3), 469. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-023-00503-7
Nisa, Z. I. (2025). Strategic decision making for a material construction store: A simple multi-attribute rating approach. Studi Akuntansi Dan Bisnis Indonesia, 1(3), 165-184. doi:https://doi.org/10.61401/sabi.v1i3.246
Parthiban, M. M., Murali, T. S., & Subramanian, G. K. (2020). World Customs Organization and global trade: Imprints and future paradigms. World Customs Journal, 14(2), 157-176. doi:https://doi.org/10.55596/001c.116425
Pham, T. D. (2019). Factors impacting the negotiation of mutual recognition arrangements/agreements of authorised economic operator programs: A literature review. Customs Scientific Journal, 2, 68-82. doi:https://doi.org/10.32836/2308-6971/2019.2.6
Rijali, A. (2018). Analisis data kualitatif. Alhadharah: Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah, 17(33), 81-95. doi:https://doi.org/10.18592/alhadharah.v17i33.2374
Sa, A., Thollander, P., & Cagno, E. (2017). Assessing the driving factors for energy management program adoption. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 74, 538-547. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.061
Surono, S., & Purba, B. J. (2022). Program implementation Autorized Economic Operator (AEO) in Indonesia. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 6(1), 455-474. doi:https://doi.org/10.29040/ijebar.v6i1.4859
Turner, B. (2016). Supply-chain legal pluralism: Normativity as constitutive of chain infrastructure in the Moroccan argan oil supply chain. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 48(3), 378-414. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2016.1242842
Tweddle, D. (2008). Logistics, security and compliance: The part to be played by Authorised Economic Operators (AEOs) and data management. World Customs Journal, 2(1), 101-105. doi:https://doi.org/10.55596/001c.91323
Vos, F. G., Van der Lelij, R., Schiele, H., & Praas, N. (2021). Mediating the impact of power on supplier satisfaction: Do buyer status and relational conflict matter? International Journal of Production Economics, 239, 108168. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2021.108168
Williamson, O. E. (2008). The economic institutions of capitalism (Vol. 27).
Wulandari, L. M., & Zuhri, S. (2019). Pengaruh perdagangan internasional terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia Tahun 2007-2017. Jurnal REP (Riset Ekonomi Pembangunan), 4(2), 119-127. doi:https://doi.org/10.31002/rep.v4i2.781
Zatira, D., Sari, T. N., & Apriani, M. D. (2021). Perdagangan internasional terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi-Qu, 11(1), 88-96. doi:https://doi.org/10.35448/jequ.v11i1.11277